Military telescope instruments: The vast majority of field military optical instruments have the basic characteristics of telescopes with telescopes as the basic primary colors. Generally speaking, military telescopes are limited to handheld, binocular telescopes whose main purpose is to observe and search. Their working principle and appearance are not much different from ordinary civilian telescopes. Due to different purposes, other military telescopes have different names, such as sights, optical rangefinders, artillery mirrors, steering wheels, peripheral mirrors, periscopes, reconnaissance theodolites, and so on. These instruments all have the function of observing and searching for long-distance targets, as well as their own special functions.
There are many types of sights, which are used for light weapons, artillery, tanks, airplanes, ships, etc. Their common feature is to use the reticle set in the telescope to engrave the corresponding aiming reticle or mark on the reticle. Some are engraved with multiple markings, which are used to set the trajectory correction, moving target advance, and crosswind correction. Some are engraved with marks for distance measurement and height measurement. With the development of electronic technology, sensors and computers, the reticle of the sight is no longer limited to the traditional reticle. The aiming point will be generated by the computer and then “injected” into the telescope or screen, and the setting and correction of the aiming point will be changed. automatic completion. In addition, some sights also have an image stabilization function, allowing the carrier to aim and shoot while it is moving.
The optical rangefinder is different from the above-mentioned telescopes that use the reticle to measure distances. It consists of two telescopes with a large spacing on the left and right. Due to the difference in the positions of the left and right objective lenses on the target, the image position of the target on the mirror plane of the two objects is also slightly different. Measuring this tiny difference can convert the target distance. There are two measurement methods: one is to move the right image to coincide with the left image, which is called a combined optical rangefinder; the other is to use the stereo vision of the human eye to take the left and right images together, which is more three-dimensional The depth of the image is called a stereo optical rangefinder. The ranging accuracy of the optical rangefinder will decrease significantly as the target distance increases. In order to improve the accuracy, the distance between the left and right objective lenses has to be increased, and the magnification of the telescope has to be increased, which results in the size of the instrument being too large and clumsy. Therefore, in recent years, optical rangefinders have been gradually replaced by laser rangefinders.
The artillery mirror, also called a scissor mirror, is equipped with two telescopes with a high periscope distributed around. After the two mirrors are closed, the maximum height of the periscope can be obtained, and the distance, height, and orientation of the target can be checked and measured. It is easy to operate, and is not affected by rain, fog and night, and the distance between the two entrance pupils is increased after separation, which can be used for distance measurement and increase the stereo magnification of the instrument. It can also pitch and rotate horizontally, and measure azimuth. The steering wheel is equipped with a monocular telescope, in addition to a north arrow, and the telescope can be tilted and rotated horizontally. With the help of the steering wheel, the magnetic north and geographic azimuth of the target can be calibrated. The artillery mirror and the steering wheel are used together to arrange the positions of the guns and are common equipment in towing artillery artillery.
Peripheral mirrors are different from general folding-axis telescopes. The prism or reflector inside it rotates according to a certain rule to guide the target image in different orientations to a fixed observation position, while keeping the target image in an upright state. You can look around 360 while remaining still.
With the development of modern electronic technology, certain telescope instruments have been gradually eliminated, but the basic imaging principles of telescopes are still widely used in military observation and guidance.
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